Russia’s overall population is consistently predominated by women, making up roughly 54% versus 46% men. Among the émigrés, however, the balance is reversed: in both the EU and the “transition zone” countries, men prevail, accounting for approximately 57% versus 43% women.
In Russia, about one-third of the population has a college degree. Among the workingage individuals who are part of the labor market, this figure is around 60%, with a higher rate observed among women. Among the Russian immigrants, the share of college-educated people reaches 75%—despite the predominance of men—which significantly exceeds the levels of higher education among residents of the host countries.
On average, Russian émigrés have significantly (and in some cases by orders of magnitude) higher incomes compared both to the average residents of Russia and to the average residents of the host countries. In some CIS countries, this gap is particularly pronounced.